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Caco-2 cells are human colon cancer cell line commonly used to simulate the characteristics and functions of the epithelial cell layer of the human small intestine. This cell line was first isolated from a tumor in a male patient with colon adenocarcinoma in 1977 and was named Caco-2.

Antibody−drug conjugates (ADCs) have attracted great attention in recent years in the wake of an accelerated FDA approval rate and several large-scale acquisitions. To date, about 15 ADC drugs have been approved by FDA for various cancer treatments (Table 1) and more than 70 candidate drugs are in different stages of clinical trials.

Vaccines have made immunization possible and have successfully controlled and eradicated various infectious diseases in many parts of the world.

Drug carcinogenicity testing must be performed after certain critical study information is available, including the results of genotoxicity studies, drug administration populations, clinical dosing regimens, animal and human pharmacokinetics (selectivity, dose-response relationships), and results of repeated administration toxicity tests.

Topical drug delivery is a routine treatment for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Conventional topical ophthalmic formulations include solutions, suspensions, emulsions, gels, and ointments.

Antibody discovery technology plays a vital role in drug development, mainly discovering antibodies with specific binding activity by screening antibody libraries or antibodies obtained from animal immunization.

Preclinical Animal tests have found that arsenic can reduce the reproductive capacity of animals ,this article explores the impact of arsenic on male reproductive toxicity.